Purchase of diesel generator sets the basis and criteria for
First, the basis for purchase of diesel generator sets
1. The selection of diesel generator sets the performance and quality must meet the standards
Diesel generators are widely used in telecommunications, finance and banking sector, hospitals, schools, business and other sectors, industrial and mining enterprises and residential emergency standby power, military and field operations, special purpose vehicles and ships, an independent power supply.
As a communications diesel generator sets, must meet the GB2820-1997 in the G3 or G4 grade level requirements, at the same time and “communication diesel generator set into the network quality certification testing implementation details” under the 24 performance requirements, at the same time through the China’s industry department in charge of telecommunications power equipment set up by Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of rigorous testing.
As a military communications diesel generator sets, must meet the GB2820-1997, GJB relevant standards formulated by the relevant departments and units of “communication power supply quality testing standards” requirement, and the organizations concerned departments through a rigorous testing equipment quality.
2. The choice of diesel generator sets should be considered a major factor
The choice of unit main factors should be considered mechanical and electrical properties, units of use, load capacity and range, automated functions.
(1) The unit uses. Since the diesel generator sets can be used for commonly used, such as three kinds of backup and emergency situations. For different purposes, therefore the requirements of diesel generating sets there is a distinction.
(2) The load capacity. Options for different purposes should be based on load capacity and load range, determine the group of machines stand-alone diesel generation capacity and reserve capacity of diesel generator sets.
(3) The unit of the use of environmental conditions (mainly refers to altitude and climatic conditions)
(4) the choice of diesel generators
(5) The selection of generator and excitation mode
(6) diesel generator automation options
Second, diesel generating sets choose the standard
Communication with the diesel generator set into the network quality certification testing implementation details “” under the 24 performance indicators requirements:
1. Appearance requests
(1) diesel generator set limits size, installation dimensions and connection dimensions are in line with prescribed procedures approved by the factory goods pattern
(2) The unit shall be firmly welded, weld should be uniform, no welded wear, biting edge, defects such as slag and porosity, welding slag welding drug should be cleaned up; film should be uniform, no obvious cracks and fall off; coating should be smooth and , seamless plated spots, corrosion and other phenomena; unit should not be loose fasteners.
(3) diesel generator electrical installation should conform to circuit wire connections in all units should be easy to fall off the obvious signs.
(4) diesel generators should have a good grounding terminal.
(5) The content of diesel generators and complete signs
2. Insulation resistance and dielectric strength
(1) Insulation Resistance: Each separate electrical circuit and the circuit-to-ground insulation resistance should be greater than between the 2M
(2) Dielectric strength: Units of the independent electrical circuit between the ground and the circuit should be able to withstand AC test voltage 1min, should have no breakdown or flicker.
Circuit voltage test voltage
<100V 750V
≥ 100V 1440V
3. Phase sequence requirements. Diesel generator set control panel terminal blocks of the phase-sequence from the control panel shall be the positive side since the left-to-right or to the next order.
4. Ready to run diesel generators to maintain the state requirement. Units should have heating device to ensure that its emergency start-up and fast-loading of the oil temperature, cooling medium temperature is 15 ℃ lower than that
5. Automatically starts the reliability of power supply and auto-shutdown checks
(1) then self-control or remote start command, diesel power generation should be able to start automatically.
(2) The unit automatically starts after the 3rd failure, should send a start failure signal; equipped with reserve units, the program should be able to boot the system automatically will start the command to pass to another spare unit.
(3) to issue instructions from automatic start to power to the load time should be no more than 3min
(4) diesel generator starts automatically after the success of the first load, shall not be less than 50% of the calibration load.
(5), then self-control or remote control of the shutdown command, the unit should be able to automatically shut down; for the electricity grid and used with the backup unit, when the power grid is back to normal diesel generators should be able to automatic switching or automatic shutdown, the shutdown delay shutdown mode time should be consistent with product technical conditions require.
6, self-starting success rate. Automatically starts the success rate of not less than 99%.
7, no-load voltage tuning range requirements. Units no-load voltage setting range is not less than 95% -105% calibration voltage.
8 auto-replenishment functional requirements. Unit should be able to automatically start charging the battery.
9, automatic protection of functional requirements. Units should be missing phase, short circuit (less than 250KW), over-current (less than 250KW), excessive speed, cylinder temperature and high temperature, oil down to protect.
10, line voltage sine wave distortion rate. In the no-load voltage calibration, calibration frequency, the line voltage sine wave distortion rate “5%.
11, the voltage steady-state regulation
≤ 250KW> 250KW
3% 2%
12, Transient Voltage regulation
≤ 250KW> 250KW
20% 15%
13, voltage settling time
≤ 250KW> 250KW
≤ 2s ≤ 1.5s
14, voltage fluctuation rate of
≤ 250kw> 250kw
0.8% 0.5%
15, the frequency steady-state regulation
≤ 250kw> 250kw
3% 3%
16, the frequency adjustment of the rate of transient
≤ 250kw> 250kw
9% 9%
17, the frequency settling time
≤ 250kw> 250kw
5s ≤ 5s
18, the frequency fluctuations in the rate of
≤ 250kw> 250kw
≤ 0.8% ≤ 0.5%
19, three-phase asymmetric load voltage deviation
Diesel generator set at 25% of the three-phase symmetrical load at any one phase plus 25% of the calibration phase power, resistive load, unit should be able to work, the maximum or minimum line voltage and three-line voltage average of 5%.
20, noise
Diesel engine and generator units away from the noise sound pressure at 1m average:
≤ 250KW> 250KW
≤ 102db (A) ≤ 108db (A)
Noise Standard:
Sleep <45db neighborhood environmental noise during the day can not exceed 50 dB at night should be less than 45 (40) dB
Work <65 db average of about 40 dB in the sound may be to maintain normal reaction and attention, but in more than 50 dB work in an environment, there will be a long time, hearing loss, emotional irritability, and even occur neurasthenia and so on.
Listening to music 80db noise above 80 decibels of children live in an environment, resulting in up to 50% of the deaf-mute, noise level only 80 dB below, in order to maintain long-term work will not be deaf for 40 years; at 100 dB, and only 60% of people is not deaf. If you have long lived in an environment of more than 80 decibels will cause emotional irritability, hearing loss. Noise on people’s central nervous system there is harm to, and can induce cardiovascular diseases, in strong noise environment, feeding, gastrointestinal capillary contraction will occur, digestive secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis will be weakened, so that the normal blood supply has been damaged. The noise will result in a strong abnormal pregnancy, children’s mental retardation. Therefore, the daily life to minimize noise sources and transmission.
Below 85 decibels can cause a slight hearing loss;
85 dB -90 dB can cause a few noise-induced hearing loss;
90-100 decibels can cause a certain amount of noise-induced deafness;
100 dB or more, it will result in a considerable number of noise-induced deafness, above is a chronic noise-induced hearing loss.
105 dB or more — 5 minutes schizophrenia
21, fuel consumption rate. Calibration unit power in the 120 <600kW within the fuel consumption rate of ≤ 260G/KW.H
22, diesel generator consumption rates. Units rated power> 40KW, unit consumption rate ≤ 3.0G/KW.H
23, running operating conditions in the calibration test
Unit at the required working conditions (GB2820 in 4.2), unit able to demarcate the normal conditions of continuous operation 12h (including 10% overload running 1h), diesel generator sets and should be no leakage and leakage phenomenon.
24, remote control, remote and telemetry performance
(1) Intelligent Unit
200KW or more units shall be intelligent, their monitoring of content and interface requirements are as follows:
① Remote Control: on / off, emergency stop, switch the main backup unit.
② telesignalling: Work status (running / stop), working mode (automatic / manual), mainly with the unit, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, frequency
③ Telemetry: Three-phase output voltage, three-phase output of moving the battery voltage, output power.
④ interface: should have a communication interface (RS-232 and RS-485/422) and can provide a complete communication protocol.
(2) non-intelligent unit
200KW and below, non-smart-type unit without remote control, remote communication and telemetry requirements.
Third, the choice of emergency diesel generators
Emergency diesel generators used in an important place, in case of emergency or accident moments after the power outage power outage, emergency generators through the rapid recovery and extend the time period of power. Such electricity load is called a load. There are strict requirements on the power-off time of equipment, instrumentation and computer systems, in addition equipped with generators should be located outside the battery or UPS power supply.
Emergency diesel generator has two characteristics:
No. 1 feature is for emergency use, continuous working hours is not long, generally need only a few hours continuous operation (≤ 12H);
No. 2 is characterized as back-ups, emergency generators are normally shut down pending state, only when the main source of electrical power, after all the drum barrier, emergency diesel generators start to run until the supply of emergency power load, while the main power supply is back to normal immediately switch downtime.
(1) Emergency diesel generator set generating capacity
Emergency diesel generator set by the atmospheric correction calibration capacity of 12h after the calibration of capacity, its capacity should be able to meet the emergency power load of the overall calculation, in accordance with generating capacity to meet the load in a maximum capacity of a single motor starting requirements validation . Emergency generator is generally used three-phase AC synchronous generator, its rated output voltage is 400V
(2) The emergency diesel generator set units to determine the number of
When more than one standby generator sets, it is generally set up a Taiwan emergency diesel generator sets, from a reliability considerations can choose to use two in parallel for power generating units. The supply of generating units Number of units Jiyong generally not more than 3 units. Elected to use multiple units, the unit should try to use models, capacity, the same voltage, speed characteristics similar complete sets of equipment, the nature of the fuel used should be consistent in order to carry out maintenance and common spare parts. When supply Jiyong has two sets of generating units, the self-starting device shall be able to make two generating units at each other alternative, namely, electricity power failure, power outages after delay after verifying the issue of self-starting instructions, a generating unit if the first row three times since start fails, should send a warning signal and automatically start the first 2 sets of diesel generators.
(3) The emergency diesel generator option
Emergency units should use high-speed, pressure, fuel consumption is low, with the capacity of diesel generator sets. Stand-alone high-speed large-capacity turbocharged diesel engine, small footprint; diesel engines equipped with electronic or hydraulic speed control choice of devices, speed performance is better; generator should use with brushless excitation or phase compound excitation synchronous motor unit to carry out a more reliable, fault the low rate of repair is more convenient to maintain; when a load in a single air-conditioner capacity or larger capacity motors are advised to use third-harmonic excitation of the generator group; machine assembled in a shared chassis with shock absorbers; smoke outlet should be installed muffler to reduce noise on the surrounding environment.
(4) The emergency diesel generator set control
Emergency generator set control should be fast from the start and automatic input device. When the main source of electrical power failure, the emergency response unit should be able to quickly from the start and restore power supply, a load to allow power-off time from ten seconds to tens of seconds, should be determined according to specific circumstances. When the major projects of the main source of electrical power, the first should be based on the determination of 3-5S-off time in order to avoid the instantaneous voltage drop and the city grid or backup power supply automatically switch on the time invested, and then start issuing directives for emergency generating sets . From the command issued, the crew began to start or speed to be able to take some time with full load. Usually large and medium-sized diesel engines also need to pre-lubrication and warm-up process, so that an emergency load of oil oil pressure, oil temperature, cooling water temperature in line with the conditions of the plant materials technology; pre-lubrication and warm-up process can be carried out according to different situation well in advance . Such as military communications, the important foreign affairs activities of large hotels, public buildings at night to conduct large-scale mass activities, hospitals and other major surgical emergency unit should be in normal times the pre-lubrication and warm-up state in order to keep fast start, try to shorten the time power failure .
After the emergency unit inputs, in order to reduce the sudden increase of mechanical load and current impact in meeting the electricity required in the circumstances, emergency load is best graded according to the time interval increased. In accordance with national standards and national military standards require that after the success of automated unit since the start of the first to allow load capacity is as follows: For the calibration of power less than 250KW persons, for the first time allow the load capacity of not less than 50% of the calibration load; for the calibration of power is greater than 250KW who, according to the provisions of plant materials and technical conditions. If the instantaneous voltage drop and the transition process is not strictly required, general crew plus or sudden sudden unloading of the load capacity of not more than 70% of the calibration unit.
4, often the choice of diesel generating sets
Some diesel generator set at a certain time or continuously for a long time often need to serve as a common electricity load power supply, such as commonly used generator set generating set. Generator sets can be used as a common unit with the standby unit. Away from the large grid of the townships, islands, forestry, mining, oil and other regions or industrial and mining enterprises, in order to supply the local population health plant and power consumption, need to install diesel generators, these generators should be continuously carried out in peacetime.
Defense engineering, communications hub, radio stations, microwave relay stations and other important facilities, should have a backup diesel generator. Of such facilities in peacetime by the municipal electricity supply electric power grid. However, due to earthquakes, typhoons, wars and other natural disasters or man-made factors, so that the destruction of the city electricity grid after the unit has been set back should quickly start and maintained a long-term continuous manner, to ensure that these important projects for electricity continuous load power supply, standby generators of this group also belong to the type commonly used generator sets. Commonly used generator sets continue to work long hours, the load curve larger unit capacity, the number of units, type of choice and control units and emergency units in different ways.
1. Used to determine the capacity diesel generator sets
According to the long-term continuous operation unit output power can satisfy the maximum computing load of the whole project selection, and should be determined according to the importance of the load generator spare capacity of the units. Continuous power output of diesel engines, usually 0.9 times the rated power.
2. Commonly used diesel generator sets to determine the number of
Number of units commonly used diesel generator set is usually two or more units in order to ensure supply continuity and to adapt to changes in electricity load curves. Multi-unit Number of units can only be determined according to the changes in electricity load into the conduct of Taiwan, the number of generating units, so that diesel engines are often run under load in the economy in order to reduce fuel consumption and lower cost of electricity. The best economic engine running in the calibration of power between 75% -90%. In order to ensure the continuity of power supply, common unit itself should consider setting up reserve units, when units fail to repair or shut down for inspection, so that generators will still be able to meet the electricity load on important uninterrupted continuous power supply.
3. Used to determine speed diesel generating sets
In order to reduce wear and increase the service life of units, often generating units should use the calibration of speed is not greater than 1000r/min, the low-speed unit, the standby unit can choose the high-speed unit. The crew should use the same power plant with the model, with the capacity of the units in order to use the same spare parts, easy maintenance and management. Load variation in the works, you can also use the same series in different capacity units. Output calibration voltage generator and emergency generator sets to determine the same, usually 400V, power consumption of individual large, the transmission distance of the works to be selected high-voltage generators.
4. Common control of diesel generating sets
Common units should generally be considered to be parallel in order to simplify the main power distribution wiring, and the unit start and stop rotation of run-time, through, and cars, the transfer of load, switching power supply unit without interruption. Unit should be installed with units of measurement and control devices, speed control unit and the AVR should be applied in parallel to the requirements of the fish. Of important load-powered standby generators groups, should use automatic diesel generator power after a power failure when things can quickly auto-start and restore power to critical loads. Diesel engine run-time engine room noise, greatly facilitate the transformation of automated unit compartment operation, automatic monitoring of the generating units. When the generator set during normal operation does not have to enter the engine room, in the control room can monitor for diesel generating sets.
5, diesel generating sets in order requirement
In the ready selection of the above, diesel generator set shall be marked with the general orders the following:
(1) The unit model, rated power, rated frequency, rated voltage, rated current, number of phases, power factors and the wiring pattern.
(2) Unit automation functionality and performance requirements.
(3) diesel engine, generator and control panel of the structure, performance, installation size of requirements.
(4) units operating in parallel requirements: purchase of multiple units in parallel asking for, if necessary, in parallel to, but also raised the need to provide the necessary parallel measurement instruments and devices.
(5) units ancillary equipment requirements: many domestic manufacturers of cooling water tank (radiator), fuel tank, exhaust muffler, batteries, etc. to be regarded as ancillary equipment, order permitting the installation of some of the demands put forward. (end)
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